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By Nex IVF and Fertility Centre
Introduction
When couples face difficulty in conceiving, the cause could lie with either partner — or both. While female fertility issues often get more attention, male fertility plays an equally crucial role. One of the most basic and important tests to evaluate male fertility is the Semen Analysis.
In this blog, we’ll break down what a semen analysis is, why it’s done, how it works, and what the results can reveal about your fertility.
What is Semen Analysis?
A semen analysis is a laboratory test that evaluates the health and viability of a man’s sperm. It is often the first step in assessing male fertility when a couple is having trouble conceiving.
The test involves collecting a semen sample (usually through masturbation) and examining it under a microscope for several important factors related to sperm count, movement, shape, and volume.
Why is the Semen Analysis Test Performed?
Semen analysis helps to identify if a male has any issues contributing to infertility. Doctors may recommend it for the following reasons:
1. Infertility Evaluation
If a couple has been trying to conceive for over 6 to 12 months without success, a semen analysis is usually among the first tests performed to assess the male partner’s fertility.
2. Post-Vasectomy Check
It’s also used to confirm that no sperm are present in the semen after a vasectomy procedure.
3. Check for Underlying Health Conditions
Abnormal semen results may indicate infections, hormonal imbalances, or testicular issues.
What Parameters Are Evaluated?
A semen analysis typically includes:
1. Semen Volume
Indicates how much semen is produced in one ejaculation. Normal volume is around 1.5 to 5 ml.
2. Sperm Count (Concentration)
This measures the number of sperm in one milliliter of semen. A healthy count is 15 million or more sperm per ml.
3. Sperm Motility
Refers to the movement or swimming ability of sperm. At least 40% of sperm should be motile to be considered normal.
4. Sperm Morphology
This assesses the shape and structure of the sperm. Abnormally shaped sperm may have trouble fertilizing an egg.
5. pH Level
The acidity or alkalinity of the semen, which can affect sperm health.
6. White Blood Cells
High levels may indicate infection.
How is the Test Done?
- The sample is typically collected through masturbation into a sterile container at the lab or clinic.
- It must be analyzed within 30 to 60 minutes after collection for the most accurate results.
- Abstaining from ejaculation for 2 to 5 days before the test is advised for best outcomes.
What Do the Results Mean?
Normal Result:
- Good sperm count, motility, and morphology suggest normal male fertility.
Abnormal Result:
- Low sperm count or motility could signal fertility issues.
- High white blood cells may indicate an infection.
- Results are often confirmed with at least two or three tests done at different times.
Even if the results are abnormal, it doesn’t mean natural conception is impossible. Many men with low counts can still father children — either naturally or with assisted reproductive techniques.
What If the Results Are Abnormal?
At Nex IVF and Fertility Centre, our fertility specialists will guide you through the next steps, which may include:
- Lifestyle changes (improving diet, quitting smoking, reducing alcohol, etc.)
- Hormonal treatments (if imbalances are found)
- Treatment for infections or varicocele
- Assisted reproductive techniques like IUI or IVF with or without ICSI
Conclusion
Semen analysis is a simple but powerful tool in diagnosing male infertility. It provides a clear picture of sperm health and helps couples move forward with appropriate treatment options.